Article Review On Deforestation And Deforestation - 999 Words

Government source (Our Planet) Latham, S. Habitat Loss. Our Planet. N.p., 5 July 2013. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. http://ourplanet.infocentral.state.gov/habitat-loss. The article focuses on the habitat loss due to deforestation. The author talks about the different purpose of deforestation such as agriculture, forestry, or water projects that endangers the species that live in the area. The article is based on information taken from World Wildlife Fund, IUCN, and Red List. The information that the author provides is important and useful to the topic of deforestation. Overall, the article is well written and well researched. Mainstream media (The Washington Post) Kirkpatrick, Nick. In Brazil, 20 Million People May Not Have Enough Water. Washington Post. The Washington Post, 27 Oct. 2014. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/27/in-brazil-20-million-people-may-not-have-enough-water/. The article is about the water shortages due to little rain in southeastern Brazil. It hurts the region’s key crops and the people who live there. Millions of people in the region have been affected it. The water shortage is relevant to the topic of deforestation because it is the consequence of the overly conversion of forest areas to human usage. The author offers the reader statistic numbers, satellite images of the drought areas taken from NASA’s Earth Observatory. These images and statistic numbers are reliable sources to show the seriousShow MoreRelatedDeforestation Effects On Amazon Forest Resilience1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdemand more, more space will be needed and cutting away the trees for humans to use. Deforestation is the act of cutting and clearing a large area of trees. It is the cause of extreme damage to the ecosystem and sustainability of life. Deforestation is negatively affecting the interaction between the water cycle, soil sustainability, and tre es stability. There is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease inRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 Pageslimited to deforestation, drastic variations in climate, decline in output of global agricultural industry, degradation of ice sheets in Antarctic, decrease in ocean productivity, rise in sea levels, and increase in tornadoes, hurricanes and floods. The primary reason for global warming has been identified as the continuous increase in energy demand by the global population, which has further increased the dependence of global energy industry on burning fossil fuels. Accordingly, a review of literatureRead MoreDeforestation Of The Amazon Rainforest833 Words   |  4 Pages David Alas ENF 111 11/01/15 The Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest I. Introduction A. The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most important natural features of our planet, crucial to our way of life. However, what Godfrey (1990) described as â€Å"one of the world’s last great settlement frontiers† is severely under threat. B. According to some experts, during the past 40 years close to 20 % of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed. Furthermore, it has been suggested that this figure could beRead MoreLiterature Review On Easter Island1549 Words   |  7 Pagesneglected to address these issues where that start of a catastrophic population decline. Literature examining Easter Island is contradictive as well as abundant, this literature review to will explore the six articles by Wright (2004), Diamond (2005), Hunt (2006), Diamond (1995) and Caswell (2008). This literature review will cover key points that identify the problems that confronted the population, the likely reasons these problems were not addressed, and how failure to address the problems resultedRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On Amazon Forest Resilience Research1852 Words   |  8 PagesThere is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease in tran spiration and increase in temperature. Such rise in temperature leads to lack of rainfall, increase droughts and forest fires to which the fires will disrupt the water cycle even more. The effects of deforestation on Amazon forest resilience research by Zemp et al. (2017), build upon previous research done in the field of forestry studies and usedRead MoreA Look Into Some Causes, Effects, And Possible Solutions Of Deforestation2536 Words   |  11 PagesAmeera Jafrey Professor Syvates ENST 150 September 22, 2014 A Look into Some Causes, Effects, and Possible Solutions of Deforestation in the Global Environment I. Introduction With society’s demand and need for the earth’s resources, deforestation has long been a prevalent environmental issue at hand and has picked up significant momentum more recently. Deforestation occurs around the world, however, according to GRID-Arendal, it is most prevalent in areas with tropical rainforests suchRead MoreDeforestation Is Justified By Deforestation1964 Words   |  8 Pagesdioxide, a toxic gas. As deforestation occurs, many forests are being wiped out and replaced with farmland. This leads to the question â€Å"Can Deforestation Be Justified?† For the purpose of this essay, deforestation can be defined as Deforestation is the clearing of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest us. Deforestation can be justified because it provides land for farming and natural resources. On the other hand, deforestation cannot be justified becauseRead MoreHealth And Social Harms Of Coal Mining1157 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesHilda â€Æ' Contents Page No. Introduction 3 Health and social harms of coal mining 3 Some serious threats by mining minerals 4 Deforestation 5 Solutions to control mining problems 6 References 7 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION: Generally, the â€Å"Mining† refers to extractionRead MoreSustainable development, a new way of urbanization1271 Words   |  6 Pagesor undermining the quality of the natural environment (Adams.W.M, 1999). Sustainable development plays a growing part in the world today, for its showing us how to reduce the effect caused by rapid urbanization, namely environmental pollution, deforestation, and scarcity of resources. Environmental pollution According to sustainable development, the development of urbanization should be in a eco-friendly way. Along with the speeding urbanization, many factories is zooming in an unbelievable speedRead MoreThe Construction Of A Dam And Its Impact On The Social, Political And Economic Life Of The Indigenous1740 Words   |  7 PagesThese articles discuss the construction of a dam’s project in Mapuche territories and its impact on the social, political and economic life of the indigenous community. The Mapuche people of Southern Chile have a long history and they were able to defend their independence despite many raids by giving many sacrifices. But a final defeat their on the hands of Chilean army forced them to be at the mercy of Chile’s government and then began a long and different fight for survival. They were forcefully

A Brief Note On Crime And Crime Rates - 1487 Words

Crime is one of the major issues that America has been facing for over one hundred years. Although crime has been steadily decreasing ever since the 1990’s there are still a lot of room for improvement. With this issue bring many subsequent problems, such as incarcerated people per capita. This doesn t only have an extreme burden on those incarcerated and their families, but also on the federal government. This costs them billions of dollars every year to control delinquent behavior but it still hasn t worked to its full potential. There are three topics containing four variables that must be considered when attempting to reduce crime rates. This includes police, surveillance, and federal assistance. The variables they produce are,†¦show more content†¦The first studied found there was a strong correlation between the rate at which someone is arrested for an offense and the rate of the same offense (Tittle and Rowe, 1974). This was mostly seen in robberies, when a rob ber was arrested the rate of robberies would slightly decrease. This poses two reason of the decrease, either the other people who frequently rob people do it less frequently because they are frightened to also be arrested, or that the robber who was arrested was a repeat offender. This is interesting because it doesn t have to be one or the other, the reality is that there is most likely a mix of both happening. This effect was examined by another researcher who coined the term the tipping effect, and understood that clearance rates only affect some crime rates and not in others depending on the offense (Bailey n.d.). This means that the clearance of a crime, which is the closing of an open case, either by arrest, death, etc. could not always positively impact the crime rate. This is not only a difference in violent crimes and property crimes because there was a negative association found in property crimes and clearance rates (Logan, 1975). This poses four main problems, first the fact that crime rates and clearance rates directly influence each other. This is a major road block that is preventing the causal effect of the independent variable on the crimeShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Racketeering And Drug Dealing Was A Poverty Stricken City With A High Crime Rate1471 Words   |  6 Pages The year was 2024 and Chicago was deteriorating. It was a poverty-stricken city with a high crime rate. Racketeering and drug dealing were common. The city looked like something straight out of a dystopian blockbuster, with the small number of high-rises still holding the millionaires and billionaires, but below them the withering city that Chicago was, slumped. The streets were littered with newspaper fragments and empty soda cans. It was a terrible day for a walk, but I had gone anyways to pickRead MoreThe Impact of Gender and Family on Juvenile Delinquency in the United States888 Words   |  4 Pagescollecting juvenile crime da ta. Juvenile arrests accounted for 16 percent of all violent crime arrests (i.e. murder, rape, assault) and 26 percent of all property crime arrests (i.e. burglary, theft, arson) (Puzzanchera, 2009). Other crimes for which juveniles are arrested include simple assault, vandalism, gambling, disorderly conduct, weapons possession, illicit drug/liquor violation (including DUI) and prostitution. It is important to note that a number of misdemeanor crimes go unreported whileRead MoreWhy should we let Congress take away our firearms? Is there some sort of amazing benefit to society600 Words   |  3 Pagesunless we place a ban on firearms? Just think about the results. There would be chaos throughout the entire nation, the crime rate would increase dramatically, and society would be taking a turn for the worse. I believe that Congress and the United States government should keep away from issues dealing with firearms. Before I begin stating why these things would occur, let me give a brief history on gun control programs that date back to when crossbows were still a reliable weapon in warfare. In the yearRead MoreMeasuring Racial And Ethnic Inequality1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmethodology and findings can be discussed and evaluated. Klass introduces the chapter by telling a brief anecdote about Bill Cosby and how he responded to criticism he received regarding a speech he gave to commemorate the Brown v. Board of Education case. In his speech, Cosby made a lot of claims about issues such as African Americans dropping out of school in such high percentages and the incarceration rates of blacks resulting from a lack of parenting or from inadequate parenting. Cosby’s claim wasRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Death Penalty1646 Words   |  7 Pagesserve its intended purpose, proponents of the same are convinced that the relevance of the same cannot be overstated and hence it should not be abolished. In this text, I examine the arguments for and against the death penalty. The Death Penalty: A Brief Overview In basic terms, the death penalty according to Stearman is when the government takes a persons life as a punishment for wrongdoing (6). As the author further points out, the death penalty is regarded the most severe form of punishmentRead MoreThe Association Between Differential Association Theory and Burglary1358 Words   |  6 Pagesassociation theory explains burglary. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) considers burglary a Type 1 Index Crime because of its potentially violent nature. The FBI breaks burglary down into three sub-classifications. This paper discusses the elements of the crime of burglary and what constitutes a structure or dwelling. It will discuss a brief history of the deviance, trends, rates, and how it correlates to the specific theory that this paper will also discuss. Differential association theoryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book David Garland 1513 Words   |  7 Pagesadjusted to living with an Orwellian level of closed-circuit TV surveillance and a prison population whose growth rate, if not its actual number, is beginning to rival that of the US. Such a state of affairs, he notes, only 30 years ago would have seemed shocking, even to the best-informed and most up-to-date observer. Indeed, he insists, the trajectory of British and American crime control over the past three decades has been almost exactly the contrary of that which was anticipated as recentlyRead MoreModern Systemic Inequality1365 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst line indent and is double-spaced. APA style provides for up to five heading levels, shown in the paragraphs that follow. Note that the word Introduction should not be used as an initial heading, as it’s assumed that your paper begins with an introduction.] Poor, urban, black neighborhoods have suffered the effects of high unemployment, poor education, high crime rates, and rampant drug abuse for a long time. While a chunk of society is aware of the issues members of these communities face,Read MoreEyewitness Testimony And The American Psychological Association1580 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, even before the rise of modern law and judicial practices, eyewitness testimony has been a crucial part in reaching verdicts in court. The opinions and observations of bystanders or active participants in a crime scene are often considered to be very valuable in determining the guilt or innocence of accused individuals. However, there has been a large amount of scrutiny in the law world concerning both misappropriated and untrue testimonies administered in courts of law. Although theRead MoreFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of Justice describes community policing as, community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder. Community policing requires police and citizens to join together as

Anova for Computer Theory and Engineering - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAnova for Computer Theory and Engineering. Answer: Bharathi, A., and A. M. Natarajan. "Cancer Classification of Bioinformatics datausing ANOVA."International journal of computer theory and engineering2, no. 3 (2010): 369. This paper concerned the field of bioengineering with an aim of classifying the cancer genes from a micro array data through the use of supervised machine learning programs. The overall goal of conducting the research was to identify the gene fold in order to reduce the noise from the irrelevant genes, simplify gene expression in order to reduce the number of genes available and also since it enables to identify a biological relationship between the number of genes and cancer development and treatment. The research paper therefore used the repeated measures ANOVA as a means to select the important genes. According to the article the research hypothesis was that cancer genes can be classified and therefore the two step ANOVA was meant to ascertain this claim. The two step ANOVA is an extension of the one way analysis of variance in which there are two independent variables. The main underlying assumptions of the two step ANOVA include that the sample is normally distributed, independe nt and equal variances. The size of the sample must also be the same size. The hypotheses of the study include that the population means of the first factor are equal. In this case it means that the population means of the cancer classified genes are equal. The next hypothesis is that the population means of the second factor are equal which means that the population means of the genes are evaluated with regard to the second classification variable and lastly, the final hypothesis determines that there is no interaction between the classifying factors where a test of independence is obtained and contingency tables are derived. In this research the genes in the training data set were ranked using a scoring scheme and then two gene combinations are tested with regard to their classification capability. In this case the classifier which was used was the support vector machines. The ANOVA was used as a means to classify the importance of each gene identified. It therefore means that the independent variable in this case was the gene while the dependent variable is the cancer present in the cells. The factors included the classification variables in which the variation in the response is classified with regard to the variation that is due to the differences between the classifications variables and that attributed to the random error with regard to the various combinations of the classified genes. The aim of the two way ANOVA is to determine the effect of a certain change in response with regard to two factors which could affect the dependent variable. In this case the dependent variable is the cancer present i n the cells. The two way ANOVA accounts for the degrees of freedom available for each factor less one for either factor. It also requires the evaluation for the F ratio which uncovers the mean square value for the basis of the variation of the residual mean square. In this case the F ratio will determine how the cancer cell is affected by the change in the combination of the affected gene and the portion of the cancer cell which is impacted by other factors other than the element of the classified gene. The article reveals that 42 samples of cells were obtained from a Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), nine samples from Follicular Lymphoma (FL), and 11 samples from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) where the overall data set included 4026 genes. Then the sample was equally divided into two parts for the test and training purposes and from the ANOVA, 20 genes were ranked high and were selected to form 2 gene combinations with 190 iterations from which the highest ANOVA was picke d. The study uncovered that the ANOVA method was effective in identifying gene subsets for accurate cancer classification through the use of the ranking system. It therefore concludes that Cancer related genes can be adequately identified through a ranking system and that there is independence between the classification variables as identified from the genes. The study makes good use of the ANOVA statistical tool in its research process.it however fails to adequately document certain key aspects of the study such as how the data was obtained as much as it gives the characteristics of the data used. It also fails to provide sufficient information concerning the factors under consideration in the classifying process in this case referred to as the classifying variables. The lack of sufficient information may limit the reliability of the research in order to assert the assertions put forth by the writers. it was also important for the research to provide an ANOVA table that documented thei r results as well as the F ratios which were of significance to the study. Overall, it demonstrated the efficacy of the ANOVA as a statistical tool that could be useful in the classification of cancer related genes.

The Beatles And How They Changed Music free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper The Beatles Rise to Stardom The Beatles are a legendary set that underwent legion alterations over the old ages. They rose from a small English set to the most celebrated stone and axial rotation set in the universe. During the 1960? s, the Beatles used war and drugs as dominant subjects in their music. They brought a whole new position of world to the American civilization. In the early old ages, The Beatles struggled with set rank. Ultimately, the set? s concluding members were John Lennon, Paul McCarthy, Ringo Starr and George Harrison. In 1957, John Lennon decided to compose a set, neer anticipating to go the greatest stone set of all clip. John experienced many set names and members such as: ? The Blackjacks? , ? The Quarry Men? , ? Johnny A ; the Moondogs? , and? Silver Beetles? . Pete Best was a impermanent drummer that was subsequently replaced by Ringo Starr. Rod Davis was a old banjo participant who failed rapidly. John Lennon collaborated the name, The Beatles, after? holding a vision when he was 12 old ages old. A adult male came to him with a fire pie and said unto them? From this twenty-four hours on you are The Beatles with an Angstrom? ? ( Detecting Biography 3 ) . At this clip The Beatles were looked down upon in Liverpool, the grass roots of The Beatles, while non responding good to rejection they were determined to go Liverpool? s top set ( Detecting Biography 3 ) . A local record shop director noticed and paid close attending to the set. He would subsequently be The Beatles director, known as Brian Epstein. Brian arranged an hearing with Decca Records. The turnout was devastational? the caput of Hahn and Donald Decca Records told The Beatles director, ? Guitar groups are on their manner out Mr. Epstein? ( Shotton 73 ) . The Beatles did non allow that halt them a few months subsequently they received an hearing with Parlophone Records. George Martin with Parlophone Records signed The Beatles in the mid-1960? s. ? Love Make Me? was their first individual released on October 5, 1962. ? Please Please Me? topped the British charts in 1963. Please Please Me stayed at the top of the British charts for 30 hebdomads, set uping the group as the most popular stone N? axial rotation set of all time seen in UK ( shotton 78 ) . Each individual created by The Beatles sold over a million transcripts in the UK. As clip went on The Beatles were turning quickly as composers and musicians, every bit good as famous persons, looking on the highest rated Television show in Britain, ? Sunday Night At The London Palladium? . Beatlemania was shortly to strike everyplace. ? Beatlemania broke out in the British Isles in 1963, the group generated crazes at all of their public visual aspects, musical or otherwise? ( legends2 ) . In 1964, The Beatles conquered the biggest record market, America. Capitol Records heard? I Want To Keep Your Hand? and took advantage of the chance. The Beatles appeared on? The Ed Sullivan Show? in February of 1964. They were a knock it was a public presentation heard around the universe. ( Detecting Biography 5 ) . Calendar months subsequently The Beatles ranked top five best singles in the United states and Brittian. The Beatles besides touched Americans in other facets than merely playing vocals on records. America was continuously mourning the decease of John F. Kennedy and The Beatles revealed American civilization through music ( Shotton 97 ) . Americans need joy and exhilaration to construct up the economic system. Rock n? Roll had died in America until The Beatles Hahn and Donald showed them how to dance once more ( shotton 99 ) . The Beatles toured America for the first clip in 1964. Touring America meant going state-to-state with 1000000s of fans following to be involved in Beatlmania. ? A Difficult Days Night? and? Help? were two gesture images produced by The Beatles. The Beatles performed in forepart of 50000 fans at the Shea Stadium in New York ( Corbin 189 ) . Lennon provinces to the imperativeness, ? The Reason why childs are so brainsick is that cipher can confront the duty of conveying them up. Not even jesus? ( Corbin 194 ) . John had to apologise several times to the imperativeness, there became anti-Beatles and decease menaces became more common. Brian Epstein died in August 1967 due to drug overdose. Thingss would finally fall apart for The Beatles ( The Beatles3 ) . The set went on to movie two more movies, ? The Charming Mystery Tour? and? Yellow Submarine? , dedicated to Brian. Outside involvement and avocations started impacting the personal involvement in the set. In 1964, The Beatles began experimenting with marihuana and subsequently used tonss LSD. The behind the scene statements went public and concern agreements failed. The Beatles last concert played was at Candlestick Park in San Francisco on August 29, 1966. The Beatles broke out with the album originally titled Get Back but later became known as Let It Be, in 1969 ( Detecting Biography 11 ) . Each set member continued on with his or her personal lives outside of The Beatles. George Harrison and Paul McCartney? s dissensions resulted in George go forthing the set. George returned for the concluding album Abbey Road in 1969. The Beatles gave their last public visual aspect on top of the Apple edifice on January 30, 1969. Each Beatle went down the way of individualism, all still bring forthing music and inciting the peace motion. John Lennon, the laminitis of The Beatles, is one of the Hahn And Donald most influential person in the music industry. John married Cynthia Powell in August of 1962 and became the male parent of Julian. Merely a few old ages subsequently Cynthia realized, ? John was unsmooth, ready and non her type at all, but had an resistless character? ( legend2 ) . Soon after John re-married to Yoko Ono in November of 1966. John released his solo album Imagine in 1970. Imagine spoke for John as in depicting his dream and sent his message across to hearers ( Corbin 214 ) . John performed a charity concert in Madison Square on August 30, 1972 to back up the mentally disabled. This concert ended John? s experience with the Plastic Ono Bans. John and Yoko separated in 1973 due to the imperativeness and changeless battles they had gone through. John went to Los Angeles and became a rummy and a frenzied sedative ( Corbin 217 ) . After being entirely for some clip, John realizes he loves Yoko and they have a boy, Sean. John subsequently released another album, Double Fantasy, in 1980. John had begun work on his following album, ? Milk and Honey? , when he was shot in forepart of his flat composite in New York. He died at the age of 40 in the Roosevelt Hospital on December 8, 1980 ( Corbin 267 ) . John Lennon created The Beatles and made music that influenced the full universe. John Lennon was a leader non a follower, he stuck to his beliefs and stood by people? s rights ( Shotton 216 ) . He touched the psyches of many persons and can neer be replaced. His parts in the music industry will populate on in memory for many more coevalss to come. Legend is merely a obscure word to depict The Beatles and John Lennon. The Beatles wanted peace, love, and felicity and they gave it non merely to Britain but besides to the universe around them. Their music touched everybody? s lives and gave a new significance of felicity to America.

Building Your Email List Part 1 The Basics

Building Your Email List Part 1 The Basics Before social media became the communication vehicle of choice, many of us had email lists. Now that policy changes at Twitter, Facebook and other platforms are making it harder to reach our fans without paying to promote, it’s time to dust the old list off and use it again. This week I’m going to give you some easy, immediately actionable ways to start growing your email list and next week I’ll tell you how to start using those names to drive sales. Set up some sort or organizational system for any information you already have. I recommend signing up with an Email Management System (EMS) immediately. Aweber, MailChimp, MyEmma and Constant Contact all have great low- and no-cost options. Create a simple privacy policy and post it on your website. A few sentences are fine. Mine is â€Å"I will never sell or share your information. And I wont spam you. Neither of us have time for that.† An email address is valuable. Create an exclusive thank-you offering for those who opt-in. A free story or book, or a short video course; there are no limits. Think of an item that will grow your brand and be of value to your fans. Now you’re ready. Using the tools provided Post the sign-up widget in the sidebar of your website or blog, where it will be available no matter what page someone is looking at. Post a link to it on Twitter (no more than once every few days, and don’t forget to stagger posting times). If your EMS offers Facebook integration, set it up. If not, post your link there too, and add to the back of your books, your

Bad education, The Guardian - Emphasis

Bad education, The Guardian Bad education, The Guardian Recruiters say grammatical sloppiness is depressingly common among young job seekers but could you do any better? By Emma-Jayne Jones and Robert Ashton Rhythm really has your two hips moving. The car was stationary. Paper is stationery. Sound like gobbledygook? Some people feel that mnemonics like these to remember simple spelling rules can be the difference between getting a job and losing it. Around half of all CVs received by recruitment consultants, says the Recruitment and Employment Commission, contain spelling or grammatical errors, and these are most likely to be made by those aged between 21 and 25. In this age group, graduates are twice as likely to make mistakes as those who did not go on to university. The feedback we have received from recruiters is that there are worrying shortcomings in the written communication skills of this age group, says Tom Hadley, director of external affairs at the REC. You would expect that by the time students reach universities they would have good basic written skills, but the results show that this isnt the case. Formal written communication is, in part, being eroded by our text and email culture. These methods of communication are instantaneous, so no time is taken to proofread messages before they are sent. CV errors give the impression that university qualifications may not meet the standards demanded in everyday work, says Hadley. Having a degree is one thing but it is no substitute for basic skills. If people can get into university and graduate without needing them, it is a bad sign for the future. In the workplace, todays graduates are not alone in their literacy shortcomings. Anyone who went to school between the late 60s and the late 90s is part of a lost generation when it comes to any kind of formal education in grammar and punctuation. Both were missing from the UK school curriculum for more than 30 years. Writing sentences with different verb tenses, or no verb at all; using nouns and verbs that dont agree; leaving out apostrophes, or putting them in when they are not needed; punctuating quotes incorrectly; forgetting commas or using too many: all of these are common failings in peoples writing. Spelling tends to be less of a problem, thanks to spellcheckers. But how would the average office worker fare if those were taken away? There is no doubt that, both inside and outside the workplace, people are gaining a more acute awareness of language and are irritated by its misuse. Companies are responding by seeking out help with grammar and punctuation for employees at every level. Test your knowledge So how does your knowledge stack up in this new literacy-sensitive era? You may have received a copy of Lynne Trusss Eats, Shoots Leaves as a Christmas stocking filler, but have a look at the following extract from a change consultants report to management and see if you can spot the grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes. Management wants to introduce new measures to combat the noticable increase in sick leave. The average annual number of sick days has risen from five to 10 which is seen as a considerable embarassment to the new HR director. But I wonder if the responsibility should lay solely with her? And even if management does agree whos responsibility the problem is they also have a seperate and justified concern that any action taken should be carefully-considered. Meanwhile, although the employees are hoping for a decent pay rise its likely that their going to be disappointed. The CEOs arguement is that they got one last year and theres been no corresponding improvement in performance so hes not prepared to consider another rise. He said The pay rise has had the opposite affect. People have become more lethargic, since we started paying them more. However other board directors might feel that higher pay will accelarate performance, although it will take time. Whatever happens with regards to pay rises, the principle point here is that its time the Board announced its decision. The uncertainty is effecting staff morale, less people than expected are supporting company events, as theres a general feeling that the responsibility for making these events a success is not theirs. So how did you get on? Heres a breakdown of the errors. MISSPELLINGS noticable noticeable embarassment embarrassment seperate separate arguement argument accelarate accelerate GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION Paragraph one, second sentence: There should be a comma before which. Third sentence The responsibility should lie solely with her, not lay solely with her?. Lay is a transitive verb, so it must be followed by an object for example: She lays the table. The question mark is unnecessary here as it is not a direct question. Final sentence There should be a comma before even if and the one after problem is to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. The first part says management does agree, whereas the second part says they also have a concern (strictly speaking, management is singular, but avoid mixing singular and plural). It should be whose, not whos. Whos is short for who is or who has; whose is about possession. Add another dash after and justified to show that this is an aside. Also, never use a hyphen after adverbs ending in -ly Paragraph two, first sentence A comma should follow pay rise to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. Its likely, not its likely. Use an apostrophe only when its is short for it is or it has Theyre going to be, not their going to be, because the meaning is they are and is not possessive. Second sentence There should be an apostrophe for CEOs because it is possessive; and a comma between performance and so to denote a natural pause. Third sentence A comma or colon is needed to introduce the quote. Effect, not affect. A person can be affected by an incident, whereas an effect is the result of an incident. The comma between lethargic and since should not be used, as there is no natural pause here. A comma should come after the However, to give the reader the correct sense of the sentence. Paragraph three, first sentence Principal, not principle. A principle is a fundamental truth or a standard of personal conduct. Principal denotes something which is most important. Its decision, not its decision (see above). Second sentence Affecting not effecting (see above). Two separate sentences. Ideally, use a semicolon as the two sentences are very closely linked, but you could get away with a full stop. Fewer, not less. Fewer refers to a smaller number of something; less refers to a smaller quantity. For example: There was less milk in the bottle than before. Theres, not theres, as its an abbreviation for there is. Theirs, not theirs. The word theirs does not exist (other than in the headline on page nine of one tabloid newspaper last month: Hell family banned from all 900 homes apart from theirs).

Bad education, The Guardian - Emphasis

Bad education, The Guardian Bad education, The Guardian Recruiters say grammatical sloppiness is depressingly common among young job seekers but could you do any better? By Emma-Jayne Jones and Robert Ashton Rhythm really has your two hips moving. The car was stationary. Paper is stationery. Sound like gobbledygook? Some people feel that mnemonics like these to remember simple spelling rules can be the difference between getting a job and losing it. Around half of all CVs received by recruitment consultants, says the Recruitment and Employment Commission, contain spelling or grammatical errors, and these are most likely to be made by those aged between 21 and 25. In this age group, graduates are twice as likely to make mistakes as those who did not go on to university. The feedback we have received from recruiters is that there are worrying shortcomings in the written communication skills of this age group, says Tom Hadley, director of external affairs at the REC. You would expect that by the time students reach universities they would have good basic written skills, but the results show that this isnt the case. Formal written communication is, in part, being eroded by our text and email culture. These methods of communication are instantaneous, so no time is taken to proofread messages before they are sent. CV errors give the impression that university qualifications may not meet the standards demanded in everyday work, says Hadley. Having a degree is one thing but it is no substitute for basic skills. If people can get into university and graduate without needing them, it is a bad sign for the future. In the workplace, todays graduates are not alone in their literacy shortcomings. Anyone who went to school between the late 60s and the late 90s is part of a lost generation when it comes to any kind of formal education in grammar and punctuation. Both were missing from the UK school curriculum for more than 30 years. Writing sentences with different verb tenses, or no verb at all; using nouns and verbs that dont agree; leaving out apostrophes, or putting them in when they are not needed; punctuating quotes incorrectly; forgetting commas or using too many: all of these are common failings in peoples writing. Spelling tends to be less of a problem, thanks to spellcheckers. But how would the average office worker fare if those were taken away? There is no doubt that, both inside and outside the workplace, people are gaining a more acute awareness of language and are irritated by its misuse. Companies are responding by seeking out help with grammar and punctuation for employees at every level. Test your knowledge So how does your knowledge stack up in this new literacy-sensitive era? You may have received a copy of Lynne Trusss Eats, Shoots Leaves as a Christmas stocking filler, but have a look at the following extract from a change consultants report to management and see if you can spot the grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes. Management wants to introduce new measures to combat the noticable increase in sick leave. The average annual number of sick days has risen from five to 10 which is seen as a considerable embarassment to the new HR director. But I wonder if the responsibility should lay solely with her? And even if management does agree whos responsibility the problem is they also have a seperate and justified concern that any action taken should be carefully-considered. Meanwhile, although the employees are hoping for a decent pay rise its likely that their going to be disappointed. The CEOs arguement is that they got one last year and theres been no corresponding improvement in performance so hes not prepared to consider another rise. He said The pay rise has had the opposite affect. People have become more lethargic, since we started paying them more. However other board directors might feel that higher pay will accelarate performance, although it will take time. Whatever happens with regards to pay rises, the principle point here is that its time the Board announced its decision. The uncertainty is effecting staff morale, less people than expected are supporting company events, as theres a general feeling that the responsibility for making these events a success is not theirs. So how did you get on? Heres a breakdown of the errors. MISSPELLINGS noticable noticeable embarassment embarrassment seperate separate arguement argument accelarate accelerate GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION Paragraph one, second sentence: There should be a comma before which. Third sentence The responsibility should lie solely with her, not lay solely with her?. Lay is a transitive verb, so it must be followed by an object for example: She lays the table. The question mark is unnecessary here as it is not a direct question. Final sentence There should be a comma before even if and the one after problem is to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. The first part says management does agree, whereas the second part says they also have a concern (strictly speaking, management is singular, but avoid mixing singular and plural). It should be whose, not whos. Whos is short for who is or who has; whose is about possession. Add another dash after and justified to show that this is an aside. Also, never use a hyphen after adverbs ending in -ly Paragraph two, first sentence A comma should follow pay rise to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. Its likely, not its likely. Use an apostrophe only when its is short for it is or it has Theyre going to be, not their going to be, because the meaning is they are and is not possessive. Second sentence There should be an apostrophe for CEOs because it is possessive; and a comma between performance and so to denote a natural pause. Third sentence A comma or colon is needed to introduce the quote. Effect, not affect. A person can be affected by an incident, whereas an effect is the result of an incident. The comma between lethargic and since should not be used, as there is no natural pause here. A comma should come after the However, to give the reader the correct sense of the sentence. Paragraph three, first sentence Principal, not principle. A principle is a fundamental truth or a standard of personal conduct. Principal denotes something which is most important. Its decision, not its decision (see above). Second sentence Affecting not effecting (see above). Two separate sentences. Ideally, use a semicolon as the two sentences are very closely linked, but you could get away with a full stop. Fewer, not less. Fewer refers to a smaller number of something; less refers to a smaller quantity. For example: There was less milk in the bottle than before. Theres, not theres, as its an abbreviation for there is. Theirs, not theirs. The word theirs does not exist (other than in the headline on page nine of one tabloid newspaper last month: Hell family banned from all 900 homes apart from theirs).

Bad education, The Guardian - Emphasis

Bad education, The Guardian Bad education, The Guardian Recruiters say grammatical sloppiness is depressingly common among young job seekers but could you do any better? By Emma-Jayne Jones and Robert Ashton Rhythm really has your two hips moving. The car was stationary. Paper is stationery. Sound like gobbledygook? Some people feel that mnemonics like these to remember simple spelling rules can be the difference between getting a job and losing it. Around half of all CVs received by recruitment consultants, says the Recruitment and Employment Commission, contain spelling or grammatical errors, and these are most likely to be made by those aged between 21 and 25. In this age group, graduates are twice as likely to make mistakes as those who did not go on to university. The feedback we have received from recruiters is that there are worrying shortcomings in the written communication skills of this age group, says Tom Hadley, director of external affairs at the REC. You would expect that by the time students reach universities they would have good basic written skills, but the results show that this isnt the case. Formal written communication is, in part, being eroded by our text and email culture. These methods of communication are instantaneous, so no time is taken to proofread messages before they are sent. CV errors give the impression that university qualifications may not meet the standards demanded in everyday work, says Hadley. Having a degree is one thing but it is no substitute for basic skills. If people can get into university and graduate without needing them, it is a bad sign for the future. In the workplace, todays graduates are not alone in their literacy shortcomings. Anyone who went to school between the late 60s and the late 90s is part of a lost generation when it comes to any kind of formal education in grammar and punctuation. Both were missing from the UK school curriculum for more than 30 years. Writing sentences with different verb tenses, or no verb at all; using nouns and verbs that dont agree; leaving out apostrophes, or putting them in when they are not needed; punctuating quotes incorrectly; forgetting commas or using too many: all of these are common failings in peoples writing. Spelling tends to be less of a problem, thanks to spellcheckers. But how would the average office worker fare if those were taken away? There is no doubt that, both inside and outside the workplace, people are gaining a more acute awareness of language and are irritated by its misuse. Companies are responding by seeking out help with grammar and punctuation for employees at every level. Test your knowledge So how does your knowledge stack up in this new literacy-sensitive era? You may have received a copy of Lynne Trusss Eats, Shoots Leaves as a Christmas stocking filler, but have a look at the following extract from a change consultants report to management and see if you can spot the grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes. Management wants to introduce new measures to combat the noticable increase in sick leave. The average annual number of sick days has risen from five to 10 which is seen as a considerable embarassment to the new HR director. But I wonder if the responsibility should lay solely with her? And even if management does agree whos responsibility the problem is they also have a seperate and justified concern that any action taken should be carefully-considered. Meanwhile, although the employees are hoping for a decent pay rise its likely that their going to be disappointed. The CEOs arguement is that they got one last year and theres been no corresponding improvement in performance so hes not prepared to consider another rise. He said The pay rise has had the opposite affect. People have become more lethargic, since we started paying them more. However other board directors might feel that higher pay will accelarate performance, although it will take time. Whatever happens with regards to pay rises, the principle point here is that its time the Board announced its decision. The uncertainty is effecting staff morale, less people than expected are supporting company events, as theres a general feeling that the responsibility for making these events a success is not theirs. So how did you get on? Heres a breakdown of the errors. MISSPELLINGS noticable noticeable embarassment embarrassment seperate separate arguement argument accelarate accelerate GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION Paragraph one, second sentence: There should be a comma before which. Third sentence The responsibility should lie solely with her, not lay solely with her?. Lay is a transitive verb, so it must be followed by an object for example: She lays the table. The question mark is unnecessary here as it is not a direct question. Final sentence There should be a comma before even if and the one after problem is to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. The first part says management does agree, whereas the second part says they also have a concern (strictly speaking, management is singular, but avoid mixing singular and plural). It should be whose, not whos. Whos is short for who is or who has; whose is about possession. Add another dash after and justified to show that this is an aside. Also, never use a hyphen after adverbs ending in -ly Paragraph two, first sentence A comma should follow pay rise to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. Its likely, not its likely. Use an apostrophe only when its is short for it is or it has Theyre going to be, not their going to be, because the meaning is they are and is not possessive. Second sentence There should be an apostrophe for CEOs because it is possessive; and a comma between performance and so to denote a natural pause. Third sentence A comma or colon is needed to introduce the quote. Effect, not affect. A person can be affected by an incident, whereas an effect is the result of an incident. The comma between lethargic and since should not be used, as there is no natural pause here. A comma should come after the However, to give the reader the correct sense of the sentence. Paragraph three, first sentence Principal, not principle. A principle is a fundamental truth or a standard of personal conduct. Principal denotes something which is most important. Its decision, not its decision (see above). Second sentence Affecting not effecting (see above). Two separate sentences. Ideally, use a semicolon as the two sentences are very closely linked, but you could get away with a full stop. Fewer, not less. Fewer refers to a smaller number of something; less refers to a smaller quantity. For example: There was less milk in the bottle than before. Theres, not theres, as its an abbreviation for there is. Theirs, not theirs. The word theirs does not exist (other than in the headline on page nine of one tabloid newspaper last month: Hell family banned from all 900 homes apart from theirs).

Bad education, The Guardian - Emphasis

Bad education, The Guardian Bad education, The Guardian Recruiters say grammatical sloppiness is depressingly common among young job seekers but could you do any better? By Emma-Jayne Jones and Robert Ashton Rhythm really has your two hips moving. The car was stationary. Paper is stationery. Sound like gobbledygook? Some people feel that mnemonics like these to remember simple spelling rules can be the difference between getting a job and losing it. Around half of all CVs received by recruitment consultants, says the Recruitment and Employment Commission, contain spelling or grammatical errors, and these are most likely to be made by those aged between 21 and 25. In this age group, graduates are twice as likely to make mistakes as those who did not go on to university. The feedback we have received from recruiters is that there are worrying shortcomings in the written communication skills of this age group, says Tom Hadley, director of external affairs at the REC. You would expect that by the time students reach universities they would have good basic written skills, but the results show that this isnt the case. Formal written communication is, in part, being eroded by our text and email culture. These methods of communication are instantaneous, so no time is taken to proofread messages before they are sent. CV errors give the impression that university qualifications may not meet the standards demanded in everyday work, says Hadley. Having a degree is one thing but it is no substitute for basic skills. If people can get into university and graduate without needing them, it is a bad sign for the future. In the workplace, todays graduates are not alone in their literacy shortcomings. Anyone who went to school between the late 60s and the late 90s is part of a lost generation when it comes to any kind of formal education in grammar and punctuation. Both were missing from the UK school curriculum for more than 30 years. Writing sentences with different verb tenses, or no verb at all; using nouns and verbs that dont agree; leaving out apostrophes, or putting them in when they are not needed; punctuating quotes incorrectly; forgetting commas or using too many: all of these are common failings in peoples writing. Spelling tends to be less of a problem, thanks to spellcheckers. But how would the average office worker fare if those were taken away? There is no doubt that, both inside and outside the workplace, people are gaining a more acute awareness of language and are irritated by its misuse. Companies are responding by seeking out help with grammar and punctuation for employees at every level. Test your knowledge So how does your knowledge stack up in this new literacy-sensitive era? You may have received a copy of Lynne Trusss Eats, Shoots Leaves as a Christmas stocking filler, but have a look at the following extract from a change consultants report to management and see if you can spot the grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes. Management wants to introduce new measures to combat the noticable increase in sick leave. The average annual number of sick days has risen from five to 10 which is seen as a considerable embarassment to the new HR director. But I wonder if the responsibility should lay solely with her? And even if management does agree whos responsibility the problem is they also have a seperate and justified concern that any action taken should be carefully-considered. Meanwhile, although the employees are hoping for a decent pay rise its likely that their going to be disappointed. The CEOs arguement is that they got one last year and theres been no corresponding improvement in performance so hes not prepared to consider another rise. He said The pay rise has had the opposite affect. People have become more lethargic, since we started paying them more. However other board directors might feel that higher pay will accelarate performance, although it will take time. Whatever happens with regards to pay rises, the principle point here is that its time the Board announced its decision. The uncertainty is effecting staff morale, less people than expected are supporting company events, as theres a general feeling that the responsibility for making these events a success is not theirs. So how did you get on? Heres a breakdown of the errors. MISSPELLINGS noticable noticeable embarassment embarrassment seperate separate arguement argument accelarate accelerate GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION Paragraph one, second sentence: There should be a comma before which. Third sentence The responsibility should lie solely with her, not lay solely with her?. Lay is a transitive verb, so it must be followed by an object for example: She lays the table. The question mark is unnecessary here as it is not a direct question. Final sentence There should be a comma before even if and the one after problem is to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. The first part says management does agree, whereas the second part says they also have a concern (strictly speaking, management is singular, but avoid mixing singular and plural). It should be whose, not whos. Whos is short for who is or who has; whose is about possession. Add another dash after and justified to show that this is an aside. Also, never use a hyphen after adverbs ending in -ly Paragraph two, first sentence A comma should follow pay rise to denote that this clause is extra to the main idea. Its likely, not its likely. Use an apostrophe only when its is short for it is or it has Theyre going to be, not their going to be, because the meaning is they are and is not possessive. Second sentence There should be an apostrophe for CEOs because it is possessive; and a comma between performance and so to denote a natural pause. Third sentence A comma or colon is needed to introduce the quote. Effect, not affect. A person can be affected by an incident, whereas an effect is the result of an incident. The comma between lethargic and since should not be used, as there is no natural pause here. A comma should come after the However, to give the reader the correct sense of the sentence. Paragraph three, first sentence Principal, not principle. A principle is a fundamental truth or a standard of personal conduct. Principal denotes something which is most important. Its decision, not its decision (see above). Second sentence Affecting not effecting (see above). Two separate sentences. Ideally, use a semicolon as the two sentences are very closely linked, but you could get away with a full stop. Fewer, not less. Fewer refers to a smaller number of something; less refers to a smaller quantity. For example: There was less milk in the bottle than before. Theres, not theres, as its an abbreviation for there is. Theirs, not theirs. The word theirs does not exist (other than in the headline on page nine of one tabloid newspaper last month: Hell family banned from all 900 homes apart from theirs).

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Strategic Management - Essay Example GM has a brand name with Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet, GMC, Hummer, Pontiac, Saab, and Saturn. Trucks, sport cars, sedans, and SUVs are made by GM. The recognition of the GM brand sets it above new automotive company competition. Another asset is GM’s resources. Money, automotive parts, factories, and stock allow GM to remain competitive worldwide. GM has spent millions on research for hybrids and other cars that run on alternative fuel, lower emissions, and safer products. This creates confidence in the GM product for the consumer population. External Analysis---The remote environment is promising for GM. The resources available to GM allow the company to comply with economic, social, political, technological, and ecological demands. The industry environment is no problem for GM. Entry barriers, supplier power, buyer power, substitute availability, and competitive rivalry are handled by GM’s strong foundation and brand name in the auto industry. The operating environment is more unstable. Customers, creditors, competitors, labor, and suppliers can be affected by a recession or high oil prices. GM will need to take this into consideration and make necessary changes accordingly. As long as GM continues to change in the face of adversity, produce quality products, and research alternative fuel sources, the company will make it through tough times and

Marlboro Cigarettes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marlboro Cigarettes - Research Paper Example Since the company was able to successfully establish a strong cigarette brand, a lot of cigarette smokers are patronizing the brand regardless of gender, race, social status, and nationality (Philip Morris USA, 2012). Despite the serious economic slow growth in the United States, smokers continue to purchase Marlboro cigarettes in exchange for a premium price (Waldemer, 2012). In line with this, this particular market research study will focus on determining the significance of having a strong brand with the continuous patronage of its customers to the brand. Purpose of the Research Study Conducting a market research project is a significant part of a successful marketing study (Caporella, 2012; Hamel, 2012). For this reason, this research study will purposely design a research survey questionnaire that uses open-ended, closed-ended, scaled responses (i.e. nominal scales, ordinal scales, interval scales, and ratio scales) that will enable the researcher gather primary research data t hat could help us determine the significance of having a strong brand on the continuous patronage of PM USA on Marlboro brand. After executing a real-life marketing research study, the student is expected to make use of unlimited charts, graphs, and tables when presenting the research survey results. Problem Statement This study will attempt to identify different variables and/or other marketing dimensions that contribute to the

How to Address Conflicts or Dilemmas Essay Example for Free

How to Address Conflicts or Dilemmas Essay 1.1Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individual`s rights. In our care work we mostly work with children and young people who may not have the ability to judge what is good for them and what is not. In those cases it is our responsibility and job as individuals and as a team to provide them what we judge is best for them. In some other cases they have the skills to get involved in the decisions and this can lead to conflicts and dilemmas. Potential conflicts between the service user and the care worker in our job role can arise from disagreeing in certain questions e.g. what is healthy to eat, what is not, what is more important when having a meal: quality or quantity, what activities or forms of entertainment (films, songs, etc.) are age-appropriate and/or mentally and emotionally adequate and so on. 1.2Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individual`s rights and the duty of care. If a conflict arises, I can never force a learner to do or not to do things unless the law or the School Policy allows me to (for example if they want to watch an age-inappropriate film, but in these cases I always have to refer to my line manager). What I can do if a conflict in these questions arises between me and the learner is to provide all the information about the risk carried by their decisions in a supportive, encouraging way, and then let them make their own choices. Every time when a conflict arises I should record what actions were taken to provide every source for the learner to make their own decision and what choice they made. I always should seek for advice at my line manager.

Symbolism In The Call Of The W Essay -- essays research papers

In Jack London's book, The Call of the Wild, he symbolizes many things in the book. Buck, gold sacks, Mercedes, and others are looked on as symbolic. In this essay, you will find out what these items symbolize.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character in the book is Buck, a half St. Bernard, half Scotch shepherd dog. In the story, he is betrayed by someone he trusts and is thrown into a harsh world. A world where you must work or be discarded. He adapts to the harsh environment, and soon enough becomes the leader of a wolf pack. Here London makes Buck a symbol of one that reaches full potential. Instead of lying around and doing nothing, he learns to work in a way he doesn't know too well about. He learns to fight and/or steal his food, if he didn't , he would have starved to death. That is why Buck is portrayed as one who achieves full potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercedes portrays the absolute opposite to Buck. She represents all that is weak in a civilized society. She cannot live without her precious belongings like her clothes. A suitcase of clothes would have been suitable for the trip, but she cannot part with her clothes, so she brings almost all of them. She doesn't know how to walk. When Charles and Hal ask her to get off the sled and hike along, she refuses and has to be carried off and dropped. When Charles and Hal set up camp, they have to go back and pick up Mercedes, who thinks she should be carried to Dawson City. Charles and Hal shouldn'...

The American Revolutionary War

One of the greatest reasons as to why there was the revolution in the America during the regime of British colonization was as a result of excessive taxation by the British.The British government implemented this idea of excessive tax on the American citizens after realizing that they had a great debt, which resulted from the expenses they incurred during their war with France and India. In the North America the British had many troops at the end of the Indian and the French war.The British government in the long last realized that it had been using a lot of its money to defend its colonies. A big force was required to protect the colonists from the attacks by the Indian troops. At the end of the war the British had a debt worth 140 million pounds.To solve this problem the British government came up with two solutions. Firstly, the British government had the view of strengthening the existing taxation laws together with introduction of additional taxes on the colonists. Such taxes in cluded the: 1773 tea act, 1764 sugar act, and 1765 stamp act.This was to be done so as to enable the government to cater for the cost of the troops which were stationed in the North America. Secondly, the British government gave out new proclamation to prevent the further encroachment of the Indians by the colonists.[1]They believed that this action if is put in place would eliminate the war between the colonists and the Indian, and thus the number of the troops would go down. The first measure by the British government of strengthening the tax laws and introducing additional tax act was to be implemented by passing the Revenue Act of 1764. This act was referred to as the Sugar Act by the colonies.The Act on Sugar really cut down the molasses tax, which was by then the key colonies’ import. The enforcement of the previous tax was not done by the British government.1 With the introduction of the new sugar act brought in strong enforcing methods on the molasses tariffs. Under t he same Revenue Act additional items such as wine, silk and potash were subject to import tax.The American colonists reacted to the new law on the taxes with outrage. They employed all the means and the mechanisms to render such a law useless. The colonial government officials were very corrupt to extend that they allowed the entrance of molasses and other commodities to America without payment of the required import tax on them.The American colonists resisted openly the new act of revenues by the British government as much as they could.A good example on this is the sloop Polly case. Immediately after the law was passed by the parliament, she moved to a port known as Newport carrying molasses load. Despite the fact that, the indication on the tax payment were matching with the new government new revenue act, it was realized later by the port officer that the load was twice the one indicated on the shipment documents. The ship was seized under the new Revenue Act.[2]This was the fir st evidenced American colonists’ defiance on the British government Revenue Act. Many of the American colonists just accepted to pay such taxes under the new Revenue Act as it was inevitable for them.The taxation itself did not case an alarm to the American colonists; however the methods which were employed to collect the taxes by the British government caused anger among the colonists.   Other issues that caused anger among the colonists were that: during the enactment of the Revenue Act concerning the taxes, they were not involved in this process.Also the taxation methods barred the American colonists in engaging in trade. On the second measure by the British government to reduce its burden of the cost they incurred in Indian and the French, was received by the American with a lot of anger and disdain.This was because it limited and interfered with their economic growth. According to the Americans the issue of protecting the Indians encroachment by the colonists had a lit tle chance to be enforced. They had the feeling that, there was no means by which the colonists’ natural movement would be stopped by such proclamation.5The Revenue Act aimed at increasing the Revenue to the British government through increasing the taxes, was the major cause of the revolutionary war in America.The issue of taxation cleared the path towards the revolution. Not only did it bring the issue of resistance, but also it stimulated the thoughts of politics the resulted into the revolution. A good example is that of James Otis who resigned and went to court on the behalf of the merchants of Boston to protest the Assistance Writs.The writs of assistance gave powers to the officials of customs to break into ships, warehouses, and homes that were thought to be carrying any goods which were not transacted in the correct order based on the new Revenue Act.[3]According to Otis the British unwritten constitution fundamentals were violated by these writs. Otis was for the id ea that, despite that it was the British government that passed these writs, the local government was not supposed to enforce them. In his case Otis lost, but the writs issue which the revenue act enforcement brought forth resulted to be an expanding colonial list of grievances against the British colonial government.[1] Reich Jerome. British Friends of the American Revolution, London, Macmillan, 1998, pp. 121 Reich Jerome. British Friends of the American Revolution, London, Macmillan, 1998, pp. 19[2] Revolutionary War. History Central. Copyright Multi-Educator , 1998, Retrieved on 12th January 2009 from http://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/index.html5 On the American Revolution. The American Inquisition. Retrieved on 12th January 2009 from, http://americaninquisition.blogspot.com/2008/05/on-american-revolution.html[3] Hatch Louis. The Administration of the American Revolutionary Army, London, Longman Green and Co., 1994, pp. 70   

Defects of Education in India

EDUCATION in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation and story-telling etc . Oral language developed into written symbols and letters. Schooling in this sense was already in place in Egypt between 3000 and 500BC The gurukula system was the ancient system of education. A gurukula is a type of school in India, residential in nature, with shishyas living in proximity to the guru, often within the same house. In a gurukul, shishyas reside together as equals, irrespective of their social standing, learn from the guru and help the guru in his day-to-day life. They did not accept fees ONLY ASMALL GURUDAKSHINA WHICH MAY NOT BE MONETARY. INDIA S ANCIENT GURUKUL SYSTEM IS WORTH EMULATING BY ALL INTERESTED IN IMPARTING EDUCATION. THE GURUKUL SYSTEMBRINGS A SENSE OF RESPECT AND COMMITMENT FROM THE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS Nalanda and Takshishila universities were the oldest university-system of education in the world. Indian education suffered a huge blow as Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British empire. the British so cleverly played their cards that even after fifty years of independence we still continue to exist in a state of stupor, unable unwilling to extricate ourselves from one of the greatest hypnoses woven over a whole nation. Indian curriculum is criticized for being based on rote learning. Our present day education system gives no chance to creativity. It is marks , grades and competition all the way . It should inculcate good values in the minds of students. Emphasis should also be given on physical and vocational training. Teaching of ethics should be incorporated in the curriculum right from kindergarden through high school. Children should be allowed to choose their own subjects acc. to their interests. They must be made to interact with each other in groups and express their views on various topics. Instead of taking notes from voluminous books , teachers etc they must be made to get information by themselves and share it with the class. This will help them to develop good analytical skills and reading habits . Children must have practical experience . They can be taken on trips to museums, labs, etc where they can learn by interacting with experienced people. Education is to gain and share knowledge. Sharing without communication is impossible. English should not be banned at the primary level as it remains the global language. Learning hindi, the national language and the state language helps in internal communication. The system of Education in India should focus on learning and not exams. Unfortunately Education has become a lucrative business destroying the real purpose of itself. The bad quality of education in govt schools have given a thrust to the the rise of commercial coaching classes all over India. Students today hardly think of being a teacher due to less perk†¦ many who are hardly passionate about engineering and medicine are studying just for the sake of getting a fat salary and package along with it. Middle class parents pay what is demanded by the coaching classes, this has alarmingly turned out to b an industry in our nation. Statistically 25% of the Indian population is illiterate, only 7% of the population that goes to school manage to graduate and 15% manage to make it to high school. 80% of schools are managed by the Govt. , private schools are expensive and out of reach for the poor Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. To improve the quality of education , the government needs to spend more money from its coffers on education. The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient in government schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. Conclusion School teachers SHOULD BE PAID high SALARIES and, every care is to be taken that these teachers keep on upgrading. The government should realize that these are the people who shape their future generations. All over India the syllabus must be same, because partiality occurs between students. . Frankly it would be foolhardy to believe that a syllabus consisting a bit of maths bit of science, arts and literature is a foolproof way to educate whole of India. Our present day system of education can be revamped and changes incorporated by getting a group of experienced teachers from various parts of our country. The task is best done by them and not by a bunch of politicians who do not have any training in education. Hope to see the Indian system of education reach its zenith like it did in ancient times!

Habits and Traits of Wolf Spiders, Family Lycosidae

Habits and Traits of Wolf Spiders, Family Lycosidae The wolf spiders (family Lycosidae) are difficult to spot and even tougher to catch. Most lycosids live on the ground, where they use keen eyesight and quick speed to capture prey. Lycosa means wolf in Greek and wolf spiders are one of the largest spider families. Its very likely that you will come across wolf spiders a few times in your life. They live in a variety of habitats throughout the world and are prevalent in North America.  A wolf spider bite can be quite painful, but it is not necessarily dangerous, though you should see a doctor anyway. What Do Wolf Spiders Look Like? Wolf spiders vary greatly in size. The smallest may measure only 3 millimeters in body length, while most lycosids are larger, reaching up to 30 millimeters. Many species live in burrows in the ground, and most are nocturnal. Most lycosids are brown, gray, black, pale orange, or cream. They often have stripes or speckles. The head region of the cephalothorax usually narrows. The legs, particularly the first two pairs, may be spiny to help the spiders hold their prey. Spiders in the family Lycosidae can be identified by their eye arrangement. Wolf spiders have eight eyes, arranged in three rows. Four small eyes make up the lower row. In the center row, the wolf spider has two large, forward-facing eyes. The remaining two eyes in the upper row vary in size, but these face the sides of the head. Classification of Wolf Spiders Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily - Lycosidae What Do Wolf Spiders Eat? Lycosids are solitary spiders and feed primarily on insects. Some larger wolf spiders may also prey on small vertebrates. Rather than build webs to trap prey, wolf spiders hunt them down at night. They move very fast and are known to climb or swim while hunting, despite being ground dwellers. The Wolf Spider Life Cycle While males rarely live beyond one year, female wolf spiders may live for several. Once she has mated, the female will lay a clutch of eggs and wrap them in a round, silk ball. She attaches the egg case to the underside of her abdomen, using her spinnerets to hold it in place. Burrowing wolf spiders place their egg sacs in the tunnel by night, but bring them to the surface for warmth during the day.   When the spiderlings hatch, they climb onto the mothers back until they have grown enough to venture out on their own. These mothering behaviors are characteristic of and unique to the  life cycle of wolf spiders. Special Behaviors of Wolf Spiders Wolf spiders have keen senses, which they use to hunt, find mates, and protect themselves from predators. They can see quite well  and are highly sensitive to vibrations which alert them to movements of other organisms. Wolf spiders rely on camouflage to hide them in the leaf litter where they roam. Lycosids do use venom to subdue their prey. Some wolf spiders will flip onto their backs, using all eight legs like a basket to hold an insect catch. They will then bite the prey with sharp fangs to render it immobile. Are Wolf Spiders Dangerous? Wolf spiders are known to bite humans when they feel threatened. While the venom is poisonous, it is not deadly. The bite will hurt quite a bit and some people may have an allergic reaction. Its recommended that you always seek medical treatment after a bite. Where Are Wolf Spiders Found? Wolf spiders live nearly worldwide, just about any place where they can find insects for food. Lycosids are common in fields and meadows, but also inhabit mountains, deserts, rainforests, and wetlands. Arachnologists have described over 2,300 species. There are about 200 kinds of wolf spiders living in North America.

Dissertation on Definition of Justice

Dissertation on Definition of Justice Dissertation on Definition of Justice Nandrea, Lorri â€Å"Having No Hand in the Matter,† in Ackley, Katherine Ann. Essays in contemporary culture, Mason OH: Cengage Learning, 2004. Print Justice emerged through evolution and advancement of the human civilization to solve the social standoff characterized by the archaic tooth for a tooth tradition of dispute settlement and gender discrimination only served the powerful. Greek philosophy and civilization expound clearly through mythical indulgence, the areas where the society was most affected by injustice and the most affected members of the society. Dispute settlement was replaced by the better version of resolution through a thorough interrogation of the circumstances surrounding each case. This huge departure from the former version eliminated vengeance in reasonable and civilized dispute clearance, ushering the era of justice. Responsibility of wrongdoing could not unnecessarily be apportioned under the new approach. Confusion and resistance of the new approach had a number of ways to be solved, including negotiating with hardliners of the conservative school of thought of the eye for an eye version of dispute set tlement. Agamemnon’s family surrounds the themes describing both the earlier and newer version of the civilization under justice development as featured in the works of many scholars specialized in gender studies. This discourse highlights Nandrea’s main points of justice through the evolution of the modern system as highlighted by Aeschylus touching on ancient Greek civilization in his trilogy of related plays. Justice As mentioned in the introduction of Nandrea’s essay (25), there is a theme of little surprise that women are presented in essay to be among the greatest victims the archaic justice systems. Perhaps, the author captures this theme well since she is a woman and her motivation as mentioned in the essay also arises from a renowned French dramatist who also pairs as a feminist. The feelings of the two personalities make important input in the development of the idea that gender imbalance characterized archaic justice systems which were ironically founded on injustice. It is perhaps worth to notice that the role of justice is not only to protect the marginalized groups of the society as demonstrated in the play by Aeschylus but also acts a tool for cohesion in the family as well as in the entire community (26). Ironically, the retraction and forced withdrawal of women in the justice archaic system is represented as the cause of the perishing of the mighty guardians of the same system, as Agamemnon was killed by his wife in vengeance of death of her daughter (27). While violence is not permitted at any cost in any clearly defined and established justice system, it is important to note one important aspect represented by arbitration in an efficient justice system. The author accounts for the treatment of the Furies as created by Aeschylus in a lenient approach to drive conscience and reasoning in their understanding of justice. Athena emerges to be the savior of the unjust society running on each other in an unending cycle of vengeance for the injustices committed. Strikingly, the goddess figure emerges as an important intervention in the ensuing commotion. Justice emerges later in the court process which the author identifies with an adjudication mechanism that the society can use to balance the equation of vengeance that seems to get out of hand without such a system. Criminal responsibility and other guilt attributes are allocated on grounds of a keen follow up of the circumstances and participation of individuals in crime. By painting the justice system based on factual follow up for crimes, it is clear that nothing can be ignored when the author states that â€Å"†¦though you walked away from the crime, we can still see the trace of your deed† (Nandrea, 30). Justice system appears to be a tight platform where punishment and deterrence are represented by law principles that guide the society . Justice follows evidence that is like a double edged sword; it serves in the same gusto in incrimination as it does in exoneration. Reliance on sufficient proof is a prominent tenet in the evolution of justice as it is in the modern day. Without follow up on evidence, it would be difficult to identify the guilty and dismiss the innocent in case there are uncertainties in the circumstances of a presenting challenge that involves criminal responsibility. The author represents this idea in an accurate imagery of the verso where the individual and his signature and identity are regarded to be similar before the law. The hand that acts in crime belong to the criminal can be followed up to reveal the actual criminal in the system which heavily relies on evidence as highlighted (29). Through disruptions of the system such as by tampering with the connection that the criminal had with a particular crime, the evidence is lost and it becomes difficult to deliver justice. The author uses the tag anonymity to highlight the loophole of the system based on justice since the link is lost between the act and the doer (31). Despite the sensitivity of the matters that touch on life of numerous people, there are cases of miscarriage of justice at higher levels of justice represented by greed for wealth that is also used to cover up responsibility. The author also highlights the complexity of the disruption by stating that â€Å"†¦there is no tragic hero, here, no guilty one to recognize his flaws; only systems which act anonymously, thousands of faceless victims and a generalized tragic condition in which the language of guilt and responsibility must be transformed,† (Nandrea, 31). What amounts to responsibility of wrongdoing under the refined justice system is not necessarily a direct sense of guilt. Omission and commission both take shape and meaning under the justice system, where everybody ought to look at their actions, to always take part in doing good for the society. Refraining from wrong does not exempt anyone from the responsibility of alleviating or mitigating the loss or suffering sustained by others (32). Representing the case involving the two doctors accused of taking part in the loss of a hemophiliac child is depicted as one of the other loophole of justice, even if the evidence bring the culprit closer to justice mechanism. Achieving justice in such a case, as the author argues cannot bring back to life the dead as occasioned by the acts of omission or commission of others. It therefore implies that while justice aims are reinstating individuals to the state similar to the one before being aggrieved, it is not almost possible (33). As mentioned earlier, it is the function of justice to ensure that the circumstances of the case are interrogated to determine the appropriate intervention for the various cases (34). While punishment may appear to be synonymous with the justice system from a distance, it is also a channel to extend reconciliation, establish truth in uncertainties and allow individuals to feel the act of coming forward to witness as their civil responsibility. Everybody has the responsibility of taking charge of the society and avoid miscarriage of justice through complications evident in the modern society (36).

Financial Interest Against The Code Of Ethics Essay

Financial Interest Against The Code Of Ethics - Essay Example The essay "Financial Interest Against The Code Of Ethics" discusses the situation when the financial interest of the company goes before the possible harm that the product can bring to the consumers. The paper discusses the situation where the chemist Helen found herself in the situation in which her personal doubts about the safety of the product contradict with the desire of the company to sign a profitable contract and to launch the product. The dilemma that Helen has to deal with is probably typical for all chemists, and in such cases, they have to refer to the Chemical Professional Code of Conduct. I believe that Helen`s doubts about the product should lead to a thorough revision of the experimental data because her concerns are grounded on the fatal outcome of the experimental animals, which is always crucial. Helen did everything that was expected from her: informed her bosses about â€Å"the absorption problem† and its further possible risk and got their opinion on this issue. The bosses assessed economic questions more than the data received in the course of the experiments it seems. Helen has doubts herself because if she had been more convinced about the threat of the product she would have expressed her opinion more unambiguously insisting on the ban of the product launch. The first thing that should be done by Helen, in this case, is involvement of some other experts in chemistry for assessing the data once more before signing the contract. It is possible to attract the experts working in the same company.

PNM See attachments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PNM See attachments - Assignment Example As the H-19 joint system program officer, I have formulated key pricing indexes and audits to establish the most rational prices at which o conduct the program. These reviews have yielded calculations that are presented in the Excel-spreadsheets herein attached. My review is based on the PNM checklist provided and has managed to provide both the highest and lowest prices that can be achieved in the program. The challenges I faced in doing this include, among others, lack of transparency. ITP and H-19 are obvious competitors and selecting ITP to enhance T-19 computers was tantamount to asking them to share their ‘winning’ formula. As such, the company was not transparent in its issuance of pricing records for fear of revealing confidential information. However, the information they provided was sufficient to build a pre-PNM in the format of the checklist. It is important to note that without a pre-PNM, the Contracting Officer is incapacitated in his preliminary review of companies bidding for a contract. As such, being smart in pre-PNM is very important to an individual, organization or even a country at large since favorable and reasonable costs can be evaluated for any particular

Reflections on World's Leadership Research Paper - 1

Reflections on World's Leadership - Research Paper Example Leadership is influential when a good leader is in control, but does not have any effect if a bad leader is in control showing the big difference in leadership and success of organizations, businesses and countries. Leadership has to be the most influential process ever. However, the influence can be ensured by good leaders who have respect, intelligence, inspiration, vision, good listeners and above all have integrity and high self esteem and confidence. There are some bad leaders throughout the world who do not have any of these characteristics. They mostly gain their influence by instilling fear as they do not respect other people. They may be successful but along the way they fail. Leadership, which is very influential, can only be done to perfection by leaders who possess the characteristics Contrary to what some may think, leaders are not born but they are made. They develop all these characteristics as they grow to be leaders. In some cases, there are people who are thought to be leaders and they are in fact given the mandate to rule people. Such leaders do not possess such characteristics and if they do, they only posses a few. This does not make them complete leaders and they are likely to be unable to influence the people in their society or jurisdictions positively. In fact, most people do not like to be associated with such leaders. There are some known leaders who are not really leaders in the world today and have always been there in the past. They are known as bad leaders to most. The above characteristics distinguish the good leaders of the bad leaders. Good leaders: President Barrack Obama Good leaders are known to inspire many people in their respective countries and other countries. They have achieved a lot and became role models to many people across the world. There are many people who can be termed as good leaders. One example of such a leader is the current president of the United States, Barrack Obama considered as a good leader for the following reasons. Integrity Integrity is the state of being whole and having strong moral principles. Barrack Obama has been known to have strong moral principles. The President for example stated that he wanted to decrease the number of abortions across the United States. Though He has not gone to the point of stating that it should be completely banned, President Barrack Obama would like to see abortion cases decreased. According to the Obamacare, the president proposed that no abortions would be allowed after twenty weeks of pregnancy. Though there are many abortions that are done before twenty weeks, this would reduce the number of abortions (Andrews, 2012). The President had appointed a committee that was to find out the best time to abort. The committee was composed of many people including scientists, politicians and other experts. One of the scientists who proposed that the abortion be only allowed for pregnancies before eight weeks stated that unborn children can respond t o pain when they are eight to ten weeks old after conception. This was shocking to most people in the committee. The chairman was astonished and stated that it was unfortunate America was faced with controversy regarding abortion. He wondered that they are unable to provide protection for the unborn children, yet it is possible to offer protection to some animals. Frank lamented that late abortions were like transferred infanticide to Human beings and was very worrisome. He was hopeful that the American Judiciary as well as

Appeasement Policies: Britain And France

Appeasement Policies: Britain And France The appeasement policy was a policy adopted by Britain and France and it was a major player in the outbreak of the war. Appeasement was first introduced in the mid 1930s by Stanley Baldwin who was then the British Prime Minister. But it was Neville Chamberlain who changed this appeasement policy when he ascended to power in 1937. The British government defines appeasement as the settlement of issues through negotiation and compromise. The British were very committed to this policy and they followed it confidently with the hope that it will reduce the chance of a world war. Britain and France sought to appease Hitler not merely because it was militarily, economically and politically rational to do so, but because of personal judgments made by Chamberlain. It is clearly evident that right from the start, Chamberlain did not clearly understand Hitlers motive and to his best understanding, appeasement would be the best strategy to avert war. He assumed that Hitlers motive was just to ama ss and maintain power which means possibility for war would be trashed by German people. Sequence of events during pursuance of appeasement policy clearly illustrates that Chamberlain did not understand Hitlers motive at all and his approach to appeasement policy could not work. While appeasement policy was mainly meant to avert war, it did not serve its purpose as Chamberlain failed to understand Hitler and the Nazi motives in general. He did not take quick steps to rearm Britain because he did not see any threat to Britain in particular and to Western Europe in general from the Germans. Therefore Chamberlain felt free to pursue the appeasement policy and disregard a military alliance with France to wage a war against Germany. It is therefore evident that Chamberlain inaccurately thought that appeasement was the only means that would stop the way. He pursued the appeasement from his own convictions and that is why he went to Germany to meet Hitler without the approval of the cabine t. He trusted Hitler and he thought he would keep his word once his demands were met. He sought this appeasement so as to conciliate with Germany to have a stable Europe  [1]  . His personal view was that Germany would be satisfied with what he offered and especially the restoration of its former colonies. There are reasons that made Chamberlain seek appeasement with Hitler. One of them is that he represented the British citizens who did not want a war as they were in the process of healing the wounds from World War One. Also, he did not want to go to war with Germany because the fall of Germany would mean the victory of the Soviet Union and the spread of communism. Chamberlain and the British citizens did not want this to happen. So Chamberlain was trying as much as he could to avoid a war with Germany and at the same time the spread of communism. The appeasement policy that Chamberlain campaigned for was merely to avoid war. He took a number of steps to ensure that the war did not happen but they failed at the end. He even traveled to Germany without Cabinet approval to pursue appeasement with Hitler. But it can also be seen as a strategy that he used in order to gain some time in rearming his forces  [2]  . The perception by Chamberlain of the methods employed by Nazi and the aim of Hitler was inaccurate. This inaccurate perception is what resulted into adoption of appeasement by Britain and France. Instead of preventing world war two, the appeasement policy can be said to be its cause especially after its failure. Chamberlain persisted in use of persuasion towards Germany rather than deterrent in addressing the grievances made by Hitler. In doing this he was convinced that Hitler wanted only to maintain power and if the grievances and demands that Germany raised were met, the German people would quench the possibility of a war  [3]  . Chamberlain thought that he could single handedly and as an individual avert the possibility of Second War through his appeasement. That is why he met Hitler on three separate occasions without Cabinet approval and without the presence of British ministers. Though there was a decrease in support from the British people and the foreign office, Chamberlain continued to believe strongly in this policy and he did not see its failure. He failed to address the arguments that were presented by allies who had been angered by the British foreign policy e.g. France. This made France an unwilling follower of Britain foreign policy even though France did not believe in its success. Chamberlain believed that any strong approach towards Hitler other than appeasement would anger him and possibly provoke him into starting a war. Therefore he did not emphasize on military production. The industries in Britain were freed to produce armaments by the recession of 1938 and the cabinet approved a potential war in February 1936  [4]  . Chamberlain was so blinded by appeasement policy that he did not assess any possible alternatives. He was confidence and optimistic that appeasement policy would succeed  [5]  . The alternative that was there was an alliance with the Soviet Union to counter Hitler but Chamberlain would not overlook the differences that Britain had with USSR on communism. He believed that in doing this, he would be giving communism a chance to spread. His erroneous judgments can be seen when he did not pursue a military alliance with France after the Munich conference when he had the chance to check the expansion of Germany. Instead he reasoned that appeasement would stop Hitler from expanding German territories. He therefore did not give any other alternative a chance  [6]  . The Versailles Pact which had been signed after the First World War with an aim of ending all wars was greatly hated by the Germans  [7]  . It was argued that the treaty, if it were to stand, wound ruin the economic status of Germany. This treaty is seen by some historians as the lead cause of the Second World War. Chamberlains misjudgment of Hitlers intention can be seen especially due to his surrender to Hitlers growing demands. This was clearly seen in 1940 when Chamberlain desperately wanted to maintain peace through fulfilling the demands made by Hitler. Chamberlain and Baldwin chose to neglect the armaments of Britain to the edge of national annihilation  [8]  . This therefore means that there were other possible alternatives but which Chamberlain failed to look at. Winston Churchill who came to power after Chamberlain viewed appeasement as a humiliation to France and Britain and he termed it as a long series of miscalculations and misjudgments of men and facts and which led Britain into an endless war with the Nazis  [9]  . Many Britons saw hope after the signing of the Versailles treaty. They wanted to avoid another war and that is why the British government had to give in to the demands presented by Hitler  [10]  . Britain felt that Germany had been treated unfairly due to the restriction imposed upon it. Chamberlain felt that if the restriction were lifted, Germany would become happier. This perception of Germany by the general population gave Hitler confidence and also provided him with an opportunity to acquire more lands without a war. The British economy was fairing very badly hence Britain was not ready for a war. It was not even in a position to fund and rearm its military force due to the bad economic status. So Chamberlain tried as much as possible to avoid a war with Germany. The way Hitler was progressing meant that there was not even time for Britain to organize war strategies and prepare its force. So Chamberlain had to find a way of avoiding war and/or gaining sometime to rearm the military. The only solution present was appeasement  [11]  . To the best of Chamberlain assumptions, German would not pursue another war after all the demands presented had been met. However, it is evident that Chamberlain did not understand the Hitlers motive. Chamberlain assumed that Hitler was only interested in maintaining power. Even when it became evident that Hitler were rearming, Chamberlain turned a blind eye and did not take any step to rearm Britain forces. However, Hitlers main aim was to make Germany as super power and a united Germany. He also wanted to enlarge the Germany territory through what he called recapturing of lost territories  [12]  . Hitler believed that German will become strong again only through the use of military aggression and war. He directly challenged the Versailles treaty in 1934 by rearming his armed forces and preparing them for war. This he did through production of tanks, submarines and aircrafts in huge masses. When it was announced that Hitler was rearming his military forces, which was in conflict with the Versailles pact, Britain and France protested to the League of Nations with the hope that it can be stopped  [ 13]  . The League of Nations did not try to stop these aggressive rearmament plans by Hitler on the grounds that there were no military or economic sanctions that had been imposed. It was due to the appeasement which made Hitler more confident. In short France and Britain simply turned a blind eye on this public breach of Versailles treaty. He was confident that France and Britain as the appeasers would not stop him. He did this knowing very well that he was flouting the Versailles treaty. Britain and France did not stop Hitler from taking over Rhineland because he was taking back what belonged to Germany originally. At this stage, France could have stopped the reoccupation of the Rhine region but she did not want to start a war with Germany due to the lack of support from the British. Hitler did not want negotiations with France. He instead wanted to deal with Britain and Chamberlain especially. This may be because Hitler saw a sign of weakness and poor perception in Chamberlain. This is what forced France to follow Britain in the pursuance of appeasement even though it disputed its success. In supporting Britain, France wanted a strong militarily alliance with Britain that could maintain a war with Germany once the appeasement policy failed. Though the pursuance of appeasement by France was manipulated by Britain, France would not back off because it had found an ally in Britain. Because France would not be in a position to fight Germany on its own, having Britain on its side was of great importance  [14]  . This was because France was undergoing a financial crisis, industrial hold ups and a shortage in skilled labor. Chamberlain thought that France was behind him in his appeasement policy but he failed to see the hidden agenda pursued by France in its support for appeasement. The politics and governance in France were different from those in Britain. While Chamberlain as an individual dominated the foreign policy in Britain, France had a rapid turnover of cabinets and governments. The indictments of appeasement in France focused on the whole political players but not on one individual. Chamberlain thought that by allowing Hitler to take over the region that formally belonged to Germany, he would at least stop there. Hitler invaded Austria in 1938 and he declared Anschluss. In doing this he was breaking the Versailles treaty. The Australian chancellor at the time pleaded with France and Britain to help but these two countries did nothing about it. Chamberlain sent a protest note to Berlin  [15]  . He addressed the cabinet after Hitlers army crossed the border and he blamed both Germany and Austria. Even though, he condemned strongly the methods used by Hitler to annex Austria  [16]  . Chamberlain saw Hitler as a man who can be trusted and in his intervention he persuaded the president of the republic of Czech to hand over Sudetenland to the Germans. In doing this, Chamberlain thought that this was the last demand that Hitler would ask for. The annexation of Australia in 1938 and the invasion of Czechoslovakia as a whole is what opened the eyes of the appeasers and they saw that no matter how much they tried to appease Hitler, war was inevitable. After giving in to all the demands made by Hitler and his continual invasion of Europe, the appeasers realized that the appeasement policy was a failed policy. Chamberlain did not see Czechoslovakia as an issue that could result to war. He had simply assumed that it was just a conflict between two neighboring countries and that their conflict could not result to a world war. In 1938, Chamberlain is said to have observed: How horrible. Fantastic, incredible it is that we should be digging trenches and trying on gas masks here because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing!  [17]  . This quote suggests that the reason why Chamberlain pursued appeasement was to keep Britain safe while allowing Germany to control other nations. As long as Hitler did not interfere with Britains interest, Chamberlain was committed in pursuing appeasement. He believed that Hitler would be only interested in Eastern Europe and would not care to head Western Europe. That is why Britain and France did not take any military action when Germany started its rearming, the remilitarization of Rhine land and the Anschluss with Austria. The reason why the British policy of appeasement was vague in the 1930s was because the British politicians were unable to accurately the greatest threat to Britain and therefore come up with appropriate means and strategies to deal with them. Therefore Britain did not make any attempt to unite with America, USSR or France  [18]  . Though the British people were at first excited by Chamberlains avoidance of another war, the public opinion changed in 1938-8 after Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia. The public mood in France and Britain changed and Chamberlain chose to ignore this and instead continue with appeasement secretly. He had ordered that the word appeasement be used as little as possible in his speeches  [19]  . The famous peace in our time speech that was delivered by Chamberlain on September 30, 1938 showed that Hitler was a man who could not be trusted. It also showed that appeasement policy had failed as a means to prevent war. The main reason why Britain and France embraced the appeasement policy was because they did not want the whole of Europe to be dragged into a world war by Hitler. It was a policy being persued due to the lessons learnt from world war one. Appeasement policy can be seen as a bad policy that was aimed at achieving world peace while sacrificing some countries like the way Britain and France did to try and appease Hitler at the mercies of Czechoslovakia. Though the appeasement policy led to the strengthening of Germany, and the breakout of war, there are other reasons why France and Britain adopted this policy. These two countries were faced with economic problems in the 1930s. The British economy was severely weakened by the Wall Street crash of 1929 which made the government put the rearming of its armed forces on hold. Chamberlain wanted as much as possible to avoid war. That is why he adopted the appeasement policy. On the other hard, France was not in a position to maintain a war. It needed the support of Britain. It is because of this that it followed Britain in seeking the appeasement. This was because he wanted peace and stability that would allow economic growth for the whole of Europe. The Britons had a positive attitude towards the appeasement in the hope that it would reduce the chances of a war outbreak. Thus it can be concluded that appeasement was a British government policy that was fully supported by the citizens. Britain did not want a war between it and Germany. This was because it was threatened by communist USSR and not because it feared Germany. In case Germany fell, there was a possibility of spread of communism and Britain did not want this to happen. That is why it was in the favor of appeasement policy. Another fear that embraced Britain was forming a coalition with USSR which was its bitter rival. That is why Chamberlain desperately sought for appeasement at the mercies of other countries just to make sure that they did not join hands with USSR in a war against Germany  [20]  . The signing of the Munich agreement is viewed by many as a betrayal especially by Britain. What Chamberlain was doing is to buy some time to rearm British forces. Hitler on the other hand thought it as a weakness and a sign of fear of the appeasers  [21]  . This was a great mistake as all that the appeasers wanted was to preserve the world peace. This is what made him bold and gain confidence and a sen se of security. . Hitler had managed to convince the appeasers that he had no any intentions of aggression through his peace propaganda. This had in a way fooled Britain and France who were not in favor of a war but wanted world peaceful coexistence. The appeasers continued to adopt the appeasement policy and this assured Hitler that they would do anything just to avoid a war. This made him think that he could continue to expand his demands and the appeasers would still continue to give in to them. It was this appeasement policy that gave Hitler a foundation and a base to increase the demands after every successful conquest that he achieved. Conclusion There are many opinions and views about the appeasement policy with some critics saying it was a betrayal and sacrifice of some nations for the benefit of others. Others say that it was Chamberlains strategy of buying time to rearm Britain. But from Chamberlains point of view, all that he wanted was to avoid another world war. It is not the appeasement policy that triggered the world war two but instead it was the greed of Hitler to enlarge the German territory and make Germany a superpower. The failure of the appeasement policy was because it was only Chamberlain who fulfilled his part of the bargain. He was convinced, on trying to appease Hitler that he (Hitler) was an honest trustworthy and honorable man which was a mistake and a misjudgment on his part. Chamberlain felt that he had been betrayed by Hitler and that his appeasement policies were failing him. That is when he decided to take on a hard line approach towards the Nazi. Britain and France began rearming themselves. Italy on the other hard invaded Albania in April of 1939. It was Hitlers invasion of Poland that made these two countries declare war and Second World War officially began on 3rde September 1939. Though he really wanted to avoid the war, there came a time that he knew that war was in evitable. It was only after the failure of the negotiations between him and Hitler that he declared war against Germany Teleworking what it is? Teleworking what it is? Teleworking what it is? TELEWORK is a form of organising and/or performing work, using information technology, in the context of an employment contract/relationship, where work, which could also be performed at the employers premises, is carried out away from those premises on a regular basis. This agreement covers teleworkers. A teleworker is any person carrying out telework as defined above. (Emilio Gabaglio, Georges Jacobs, Andrea Bonetti, Rainer Plassmann, 16.07.2002 EU agreement among ETUC, UNICE/UEAPME and CEEP, p. 2). So it can be stated that teleworking is arrangement between employer and employee in which an employee regularly performs officially assigned duties at home or other work sites which are convenient for the employee. The Office of Personnel Management (OPM in US), describes telework as an alternative work arrangement for employees to conduct all or some of their work away from the primary workplace. The work location can be a residence, a telecenter, an office closer to the employees residence, or another acceptable location. The telework schedule may be fixed or episodic.(U.S. Office of Personnel Management, http://www.opm.gov/index.asp, date taken 29.01.2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teleworking is also named telecommuting, flexiwork, sometimes flexiplace, e- commuting, e-work, telework, working at home (WAH), or working from home (WFH). Different types of teleworking. In general there are three types of telework: full time, part time, and situational. Full time telework means that the employee performs and completes all or almost all duties outside of a traditional office. In this meaning full time teleworking can be named as home-based work. Part time telework means that the employee performs and completes duties outside of a traditional office on a regularly scheduled basis, but not five days per week. For instance, the employee may telework one or more days a week, every two weeks, or several days in a month. Situational telework means that the employee do not telework on a regular basis. This type of telework may happened in case of medical problem, weather or hazardous conditions, that do not allowed employee to get to traditional office in a safe condition and way, sometimes situational telework may be caused by preparing special project which needs high concentration and doesnt need present of the employee in traditional office. Ursula Huws, an Associate Fellow of IES, is an established international authority on teleworking, states different approach to types of teleworking. The five main types of teleworking according to Ursula Huws are: Multi-site teleworking This form of teleworking means that employee rotates between working on the employers premises and working elsewhere. Typically, the secondary worksite is the home, but it may be a telecottage, telecentre or other outpost. Tele-homeworking Tele-homeworking means work which is based only in the home and carried out for a single employer, even if the worker does not have formal employee status. This type of teleworking generally involves fairly low-skilled work carried out by people who are tied to the home by the need to care for children or other dependants. Freelance teleworking Freelance teleworkers, in contrast to tele-homeworkers, work for a different clients, rather than a single employer. Mobile teleworking Mobile teleworking has evolved from more traditional types of work, which can be qualified in groups such as travelling sales representatives, inspectors or maintenance engineers. The new technologies, especially the development of portable equipment such the notebook computer, the mobile telephone, the portable fax machine, have created type of mobility which allowed increase of amount of professional, technical and managerial work that can be carried out on the road. Relocated back-office functions The first four categories of teleworking involve activities which employee can carry out in isolation away from the employers premises. Relocated back-office is other form of teleworking which takes place on remote office sites. Many big companies have been noticed a rapid growth in specialist centres carrying out activities such as data entry, customer service, airline bookings, telephone banking and mail-order. These centres operate on a subcontracted basis or under the direct control of an employer located at a distance. These type of teleworking face different problems including: lack of promotion prospects, health and safety problems and equal opportunities issues, for instance fairly low-paid work carried out by women (Teleworking: Guidelines for Good Practice, Huws U. Report 329, Institute for Employment Studies, 1997.). Teleworking advantages and disadvantages to employers and employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telework brings a variety of advantages and disadvantages to employees and employers in many different aspects from work environment to health issues. I am going to point and describe, in my opinion, the most important benefits and negatives of telework to both employers and employees. Advantages to employers. Increase of employees productivity, because telework help to avoid common interruption to work in traditional office, what provides to better concentration. Employees are not late to work because of travel difficulties or unpredictable events, for example breakdown of a car, delays in public transport. Advantages of a health matter in meaning employees take off less time due to illness: employees who are long-time unwell and not able to work in traditional office, might be able to work from home, employees during recovering period from serious illness might be able to work from home, because employees who work alone are more isolated, they are less likely to contact or spread diseases such as flu, colds, viruses, etc. working in private, convenient place for employees is less stressful and could be less exposure to pollution, it can cause that teleworkers can be generally in better health, employees who work at home, obviously, are less likely to be injured while commuting. Employee work at home is fully using productive time for only work, compare to traditional office where at the end of work usually employees start to prepare to leave and clear their desk few minutes before the end of the work day. Help in recruiting process because: flexible working is more attractive, especially to graduated young people, employers have much more possibilities to seek employees, especially among disabled, people who take care of young children or the elderly, it is also encouraging to seek potentially employees away from city centres or even from different regions and countries. Reducing costs in everyday using of traditional office: saving in reducing employees benefits, for instance company car, fuel, public transport season tickets, parking spaces or payable car park permissions etc., saving in reducing or eliminating catering subsidies or the facilities themselves. Advantages to employees. Telework help to avoid common interruption to work in traditional office, what provides to faster implement projects and reduce wasting of time. Travel difficulties are avoided. From employee site it means: avoid loss of pay because of lateness or non-arrival, avoid stress on the way to work place. Less time taken off due to illness: if employee is too ill to come to traditional office, might still be well enough to work at home, employees during recovering period from serious illness might be able to work from home and finish priority projects on time, work alone employee is less likely to contact or spread diseases such as flu, colds, viruses, etc., improved general health because of less stress and exposure to pollution. Better personal safety, because reducing risk of accident on the way to work and back. More time to spend with family because time to travel to work is reduced to zero. In this meaning more time in case of family illness, household maintenance etc. Possibility to reduce cost of living through: living out of city centre in cheaper areas, reduce fuel cost, car maintenance because travel to work and back is excluded. Disadvantages to employers. Managers has only a little or even lack of control over employees who work on teleworking base. Because lack of control, managers cant check the productivity, they assess employees work only through deadlines of projects submissions. Security issues of data stored and general database; if employees work on their own PCs or laptops, do they have proper programs installed to secure companys data stored. Issues included persuade employees to work harder and more productive if manager cant see process of their work; how many brakes they take etc. Lost of physical contact with clients and employees; disadvantages connect with lack of reed of body language of employees their physical reaction on different situations and tasks, their way of socialising: making friendships with one another can show manager of employees ability to work in group, leadership etc. Disadvantages to employees. Employees work on telework basis, in their chosen places, cant compare their productivity to employees who work on regular basis in companys office. It can produce some kind of frustration and unfair feelings. Employees who work on telework basis can be afraid of additional costs of working at their chosen places for example: decorate an area for their Home Office, have extra phone lines installed, buy additional computer equipment and software to protect data and system, furnished their Home Office. Employees working at home will have to do own typing, filing and other office function. Telework employees will lose subsidised food beverages, company car, public transport etc. (1995-1999 Telework Analytics International, Inc. All Rights Reserved, http://www.teleworker.com/pro_con.html, taken 27.02.2010).